Hiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus - 888 Words

It has been over 30 years since the first known cases of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) which is the virus that causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) was reported. HIV attacks and disables the body s immune system. The virus attacks, the T lymphocyte (T cell), a type of white blood cell. Formed in the bone marrow the T cell helps the body fight off germs and diseases. Once HIV enters the body, it attacks this cell, copies itself and destroys the cell. Being HIV-positive indicates that a person has been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus but does not yet have AIDS. After the white blood cell is destroyed, the virus moves on to the next healthy cell. It takes years for the virus to damage enough cells to make the person sick. If left untreated, an HIV-positive person will eventually begin to feel sick. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their T cell count falls extremely low. A few of the symptoms a person might experience include swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, fevers, headaches, diarrhea, and fatigue, depending on stage of the disease. (HIV/AIDS n.d.) It is estimated that 35 million men, women, and children are living with AIDS around the world and an estimated 39 million people have died due to HIV-related causes. (aids.gov, 2013) For years, doctors, researchers, pharmaceutical scientist, and scores of other support personnel have been studying, pursuing treatments, performing clinical trials, and searching for a cure forShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. The virus continues to race around the world, and new HIV infections are at 50,000 per year (Martine Peeters, Matthieu Jung, Ahidjo Ayouba) (2013). The final outcome of the HIV infection is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There are many treatments that have developed to help the large numberRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesHIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessly for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once this virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of thisRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )884 Words   |  4 Pages(2010), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that affects the human immune system, leading to a chronic, progressive sickness that leaves people susceptible to opportunistic infections. When the body no longer can fight or resist infections, the condition is at this point referred to as AIDS, which means Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Averagely, it has been found to take more than ten years to develop from initial infection of HIV to AIDS. Though simple in description, HIV and AIDSRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )862 Words   |  4 Pagesshown that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of AIDS. More than 33.4 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus today. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a virus similar to that of the flu or common cold. The differentiating factor is that with the flu and cold, your body will eventually clear the virus out of your system, but with the HIV virus, the immune system cannot clear it. Getting HIV means you have it for life. The virus immediately beginsRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )948 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uses of Blood by the HIV Virus Blood-borne diseases have contributed greatly to poor health outcomes among individuals and communities. Though blood fulfills various functions to ensure our survival, it can also act as the mechanism through which we become diseased. Understanding the characteristics of such infectious diseases is essential to preventing further cases. In this paper I will discuss how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses blood to cause illness within the infected individualRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1261 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become more commonly seen in the world. It is important to show compassion rather than judging that patient based on a virus. The hygienist plays an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without a compromisingRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is HIV? HIV is a fatal disease which stands for â€Å"Human Immunodeficiency Virus† it is a failure to the immune system to protect the body from any infections. This virus causes a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When HIV is left untreated it leads to another disease called â€Å"AIDS†. It can occur in any age, race, sex or sexual orientation. The highest risk of contracting HIV is having unprotected sex and sharing needles with others. Another factor are people that have STI’s andRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )980 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an immune system disorder that can be contracted through sexual activity as well as other types of contact. (Healthy Living, pg. 79) If left untreated this virus can turn into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (aids.gov) AIDS is an incurable progressive disease that causes gradual destruction of CD4 T cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Diseases, pg. 431) A healthyRead MoreHiv, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus998 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attacks the human immune system and greatly weakens the body’s ability to fight foreign invaders and infection. HIV first demanded notice in the early 1980s in the United States in homosexual men displaying illnesses like Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The disease was soon observed in IV drug users, hemophiliacs, and blood transfusion recipients, but became publicized as a â€Å"gay disease,† nicknamed by the media as GRID, or Gay-RelatedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retro virus that causes AIDs by infecting the T Helper cells of the body’s immune system. The AIDS virus is the final stages of the HIV virus. HIV is a lentivirus genus, which is a subgroup of the retrovirus that causes the AIDS virus. Even with proper treatment, an infected person has a life expectancy of less than ten years.As the virus weakens t he human immune systems, this effectleaves the patient compromised and at risk to opportunistic infections

How The Glass Ceiling Exist - 2440 Words

The Glass Ceiling Does the Glass Ceiling Exist? The term glass ceiling was first used by Carol Hymowitz and Timothy Schellhardt in the March 24, 1986, edition of the Wall Street Journal to describe the limits of advancement that women face in the workplace (Hymowitz and Schellhardt 1986). When originally used, the term drew widespread criticism because it claimed that women did not achieve high levels of advancement in the workforce because they were consumed by family life or did not obtain the required levels of education and/or experience. Since then, the term and the arguments surrounding it have developed to encompass all minorities in the workplace. According to a great deal of research, the glass ceiling is a very real characteristic of the U.S. corporate atmosphere. A 1995 study by the Federal Glass Ceiling Commission found that 97 percent of the senior managers of the Fortune 1000 Industrial and Fortune 500 were white, and 95–97 percent were men. This is not demographically representative, considering that 57 percent of the workforce consists of ethnic minorities, women, or both. In 1990, Jaclyn Fierman (1990) found that less than 0.5 percent of the 4,012 highest-paid managers in top companies in the United States were women, while fewer than 5 percent of senior management in the Fortune 500 corporations were minorities. More recent figures show that gains have been made in some areas—for example, among Fortune 500 company boards of directors, women now make upShow MoreRelatedHow Women Should Break the Glass Ceiling That Exists Nowadays?1175 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Stratification: How women should break the glass ceiling? The glass ceiling starts to form itself very early on. Glass ceiling is one of the most compelling metaphors used for analyzing inequality between men and women in the workplace. Appelbaum Chambliss (1997 : 232) describe the term ‘’glass ceiling’’ as a seemingly invisible barrier to movement into the very top positions at all levels of employment in business and government, which makes it difficult for women to reach the top ofRead More Glass Ceiling in Corporate America Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pages The Glass Ceiling: Fact or Illusion The glass ceiling is it a fact or an illusion? The two words â€Å"Glass Ceiling† are used to describe the barrier that exists for women and minorities-when it comes to getting promoted into the upper echelons of a company. Does the ceiling exist or is it a figment of the imagination? The writer intentions are to present a picture of that ceiling, and show how it plays a part in corporate America. That in fact the ceiling is an injustice being done to women andRead MoreEssay on Glass Ceiling1231 Words   |  5 PagesThe Concept of the Glass Ceiling Women from birth are looked at as inferior to men. As a society we label babies by the color of their blanket when they are born. Boys are given blue as girls are given pink blankets. This from the start separates the two genders. As boys grow they are given action figures and are taught to play rough games, and girls are given dolls and taught to play nice. These differences continue to cause a gap between the two genders. As the American society has progressedRead MoreThe Glass Ceiling: An Analysis856 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Glass Ceiling Of course there are barriers to womens advancement in the firm I am discussing. There always have been, and, without significant social structure changes, there will always be significant barriers to women advancing in firms of any sort. Even in female-dominated industries, upper management is disproportionately male. This is particularly true if one examines women as a group, rather than looking at individual women, because individual women can, and do, defy gender stereotypesRead MoreEssay on Women Discrimination in The Medicine Field1235 Words   |  5 Pagesand relieving them of it. But as the field of surgery progress over time; the surgical environment has developed a gender sphere that makes it difficult for women to become surgeons. The glass ceiling is a political metaphor that exists to explain the gender disadvantages within disciplined jobs (The Glass Ceiling Effect*). Women today, regardless of their qualifications face an obstacle that â€Å"appear[s] to be a distin ctively gender phenomenon† (1) in any highly disciplined jobs, especially in theRead MoreEffects Of Glass Ceiling On The Workplace978 Words   |  4 Pageshave become fair and also impartial. However, there still exist several impediments for few individuals. The glass ceiling is a subtle framework that most organizations and employers have utilized in legally discriminating particular groups of people. Although this action is not apparently several women and also minorities have encountered challenges in advancing to higher positions in their careers due to the concept of the glass ceiling (Horn, and Schaffner, 2003). Also, several historical customsRead MoreThe Theory And Maslow s Need Hierarchy Theory1445 Words   |  6 PagesStep 2 This section of my paper will relate the Glass Ceiling concept to two theories – the Equity Theory and Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory. The Equity Theory The Equity Theory can be defined as â€Å"a model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships† (Kinicki Fugate, 2016, p. 156). In an article written by Al-Zawahreh Al-Madi (2012), a noteworthy factor about the Equity Theory is that, â€Å"The fairness of exchange betweenRead MoreGlass Ceiling in the Australian Work Force1506 Words   |  7 PagesGlass ceiling in the Australian work force is still an issue in today’s society. I will demonstrate how stereotyping affects males’ perception of women and how it affects women’s perception of gender roles, which supports the concept, that glass ceiling still exists. Stereotyping is to believe that, â€Å"all people or things with similar characteristics are the same,† (â€Å"stereotype†, 2014). The term glass ceiling refers to the invisible barriers that prevent women from succeeding and moving up the metaphoricRead MoreWomen’s Income Inequality and The American Dream Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pagesunder what is known as the â€Å"Glass Ceiling†. Women do not get promoted in the work place and aren’t getting equal pay as men. This also leads to wag gap between the men and women. Both create income inequality for women and affect their American Dream. There is a long history of women having to deal with the â€Å"Glass Ceiling†. Over time woman have made progress but more progress is needed to make things equal. Women suffer from income inequality because of the â€Å"Glass Ceiling† and wag gap, thus going againstRead MoreThe Process to Ensuring Equality between Men and Women1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe process to ensuring equality between men and women started a few decades back. However, despite the steps taken towards equality, we are still far from been able to say that equality exist regarding women right to gain entrance to all spheres of society (Fabrega, 2009). Women experience stronger boundaries and thus depend on various techniques for advancement and pay contrary to those of their male colleagues (Lyness and Thompson, 2000). Also, women are often discriminated in different forms

Future of Humanistic Psychology

Question: Discuss about the Future of Humanistic Psychology. Answer: Introduction: The article stipulated by Paul. T. Wong transcends a discussion of the of the six research principles that revitalize humanistic psychology and affects the mainstream psychology in regards to Gergen (2016) and DeRobertis (2016). Furthermore, the article postulates that analogy of the second wave positive psychology which gives a new vision within humanistic psychology that impact psychology as a field directly. Additionally, the paper argues that humanistic psychology needs to seek the six principles that go beyond the research and replacing a tribal mentality with a pluralistic view since humanistic-existential themes pervade every aspect of psychology. This paper will outline some important notes about the article. The major idea within this article is that the integration of human existential psychology with aspects of existential and second wave positive psychology affects mainstream psychology. First, the author suggests that researchers must be able to value the voice of the study participants as a primary humanistic principle in research. As such, the assumptions and concepts of the researcher should not dominate the outcome as it were in the traditional system. Several successful research studies have used such a principle, valuing the voice of the participants. Notably, Hiroto and Seligman (1975) study that demonstrated how college students are exposed to an insolvable puzzle became helpless since they could not work out the solutions to the puzzles. This study depicted valuing of the voice of the participants. Second, the author the asserts his support for DeRobertis claims regarding the need for humanistic psychology researchers to develop non-reductionist yet rigorous research methods (DeRobertis, 2016). In this analogy, the author asserts that qualitative research should have a quantitative aspect in it to be of the required standard of replicability, objectivity, and precision. Third, the author articulates that crucial role of meaning in individuals. He suggests that the spiritual and existential views can shape the ways individuals behave and make decisions. As such, he supports Rodgers idea of organismic valuing process in which he comes up with a Meaning- Mindset Measure and a Self-Transcendence Measure which helps one in identifying their religious motivation in finding the meaning of life. Fourth, the author suggests that individuals must be able to take part in a multiplicity of understanding meaning and worldview. The author supports Gergen (2016) claim of meaning-making as no single claim is valid, as such, collaborative research is needed to support these claims. Additionally, we can share with other researchers to seek meaning and understanding of a concept. In the fifth principle, Wongs MCA (Meaning-centered approach) is attributed to a form of reorientation of Rodgers Person-centered approach as well as a creative design that helps individuals as a therapeutic approach in which mental health can be sustained through personal growth and involvement in a supportive environment with humanistic values of equal justice, compassion, and chance. The author articulates DeRobertis and Gergen s assertions that researchers in humanistic psychology must provide a vision for an ideal future through collaborating with other disciplines. The author ends the article by discussing the second wave positive psychology views. He articulates that positive existential psychology shows a future in the development of human existential psychology in that for one to accurately study the aspects of psychology, researchers have to embrace the positive and negative sides of life. References DeRobertis, E. M. (2016). On framing the future of humanistic psychology. The Humanistic Psychology, 44, 18-41. doi:10.1037/hum0000014 Gergen, K. J. (2016). Toward a visionary psychology. The Humanistic Psychologist, 44, 317. doi:10.1037/hum0000013 Rogers, C. R. (1979). The foundations of the person-centered approach. Education, 100, 98108. Wong, P. T. (2017, February 9). Meaning-Centered Approach to Research and Therapy, Second Wave Positive Psychology, and the Future of Humanistic Psychology. The Humanistic Psychologist. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/hum0000062

Introduction of American free essay sample

This paper is dedicated to the history of American Revolution and the War for Independence. The primary purpose of the survey given here is to carry out an analysis of the events of the late 18th century in the British colonies in North America on the basis of vast historical material published in the United States. The process that took place before and during the 1776-1783 period when 13 British colonies aspiration for independence broke out into the so-called War for Independence is very remarkable for its many unique features, on the one hand, and for many historical parallels that took place a century later when the world-wide spreaded colonial system began to collapse. John Adams, second President of the United States, declared that the history of the American Revolution began as far back as 1620. The Revolution, he said, was effected before the war commenced. The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction of American or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The principles and passions that led the Americans to rebel ought, he added, to be traced back for two hundred years and sought in the history of the country from the first plantation in America. As a practical matter, however, the overt parting of the ways between England and America began in 1763, more than a century and a half after the first permanent settlement had been founded at Jamestown, Virginia. The colonies had grown vastly in economic strength and cultural attainment, and virtually all had long years of self-government behind them. Their combined population now exceeded 1,500,000-a six-fold increase since 1700. The implications of the physical growth of the colonies were far greater than mere numerical increase would indicate. The 18th century brought a steady expansion from the influx of immigrants from Europe, and since the best land near the seacoast had already been occupied, new settlers had to push inland beyond the fall line of the rivers. Traders explored the back country, brought back tales of rich valleys, and induced farmers to take their families into the wilderness. Although their hardships were enormous, restless settlers kept coming, and by the 1730s frontiersmen had already begun to pour into the Shenandoah Valley. Down to 1763, Great Britain had formulated no consistent policy for her colonial possessions. The guiding principle was the confirmed mercantilist view that colonies should supply the mother country with raw materials and not compete in manufacturing. But policy was poorly enforced, and the colonies had never thought of themselves as subservient. Rather, they considered themselves chiefly as commonwealths or states, much like England herself, having only a loose association with authorities in London. At infrequent intervals, sentiment in England was aroused and efforts were made by Parliament or the Crown to subordinate the economic activities and governments of the colonies to Englands will and interest efforts to which the majority of the colonists were opposed. The remoteness afforded by a vast ocean allayed fears of reprisal the colonies might otherwise have had. Added to this remoteness was the character of life itself in early America. From countries limited in space and dotted with populous towns, the settlers had come to a land of seemingly unending reach. On such a continent natural conditions stressed the importance of the individual. 1. Frontier situation The colonists-inheritors of the traditions of the Englishmans long struggle for political liberty-incorporated concepts of freedom into Virginias first charter. This provided that English colonists were to exercise all liberties, franchises, and immunities as if they had been abiding and born within this our Realm of England. They were, then, to enjoy the benefits of the Magna Charta and the common law. In the early days, the colonies were able to hold fast to their heritage of rights because of the Kings arbitrary assumption that they were not subject to parliamentary control. In addition, for years afterward, the kings of England were too preoccupied with a great struggle in England itself a struggle which culminated in the Puritan Revolution to enforce their will. Before Parliament could bring its attention to the task of molding the American colonies to an imperial policy, they had grown strong and prosperous in their own right. From the first year after they had set foot upon the new continent, the colonists had functioned according to the English law and constitution with legislative assemblies, a representative system of government, and a recognition of the common-law guarantees of personal liberty. But increasingly legislation became American in point of view, and less and less attention was paid to English practices and precedents. Nevertheless, colonial freedom from effective English control was not achieved without conflict, and colonial history abounds in struggles between the assemblies elected by the people and the governors appointed by the King. Still, the colonists were often able to render the royal governors powerless, for, as a rule, governors had â€Å"no subsistence but from the Assembly†. Governors were sometimes instructed to give profitable offices and land grants to influential colonists to secure their support for royal projects but, as often as not, the colonial officials, once they had secured these emoluments, espoused the popular cause as strongly as ever. The recurring clashes between governor and assembly worked increasingly to awaken the colonists to the divergence between American and English interests. Gradually, the assemblies took over the functions of the governors and their councils, which were made up of colonists selected for their docile support of royal power, and the center of colonial administration shifted from London to the provincial capitals. Early in the 1770s, following the final expulsion of the French from the North American continent, an attempt was made to bring about a drastic change in the relationship between the colonies and the mother country.