Conflict Resolution in Central African Republic Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The Central African Republic is a nation that is landlocked and found in Central Africa. The country`s neighbors include the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo to the south, Sudan to the northeast, and Cameroon to the west. The country size is 240, 000 square miles. The country`s population is estimated to be 4.7 million people as at 2014.The country is covered by savannas. However, the country also has an equatorial forest zone to the south and a Sahel-Sudanian zone to the north of the country. Approximately two-thirds of the country are found within Ubangi River basin, and the remaining two-thirds are within River Chari s basin which flows to Lake Chad (Giroux, Lanz Sguaitamatti, 2009). The country has a significant amount of mineral deposits such as crude oil, uranium reserves, diamonds, hydropower, cobalt, lumber, and gold. The country also has a significant amount of arable land. Despite all these valuables, the Central African Republic is ranked as one of t he top ten poorest countries in the world (Dijkstra, 2010). As per the human development index (HDI) of 2014, the country was the second lowest in regards to levels of human development. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict Resolution in Central African Republic or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Civil Rights Movement Timeline From 1965 to 1969

This civil rights movement timeline focuses on the struggles final years when some activists embraced black power, and leaders no longer appealed to the federal government to end segregation, thanks to the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Although the passage of such legislation was a major triumph for civil rights activists, Northern cities continued to suffer from de facto segregation, or segregation that was the result of economic inequality rather than discriminatory laws. De facto segregation was not as easily addressed as the legalized segregation that had existed in the South, and Martin Luther King  Jr. spent the mid-to-late 1960s working on behalf of both black and white Americans living in poverty. African-Americans  in Northern cities became increasingly frustrated with the slow pace of change, and a number of cities experienced riots. Some turned to the black power movement, feeling that it had a better chance of rectifying the sort of discrimination that existed in the North. By the end of the decade, white Americans had moved their attention away from the civil rights movement to the Vietnam War, and the heady days of change and victory experienced by civil rights activists in the early 1960s came to an end with Kings assassination  in 1968. 1965 On Feb. 21, Malcolm X is assassinated in Harlem at the Audubon Ballroom apparently by Nation of Islam  operatives, although other theories abound.On March 7, 600 civil rights activists, including Hosea Williams of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and John Lewis of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), leave Selma, Ala., traveling eastward on Route 80 toward Montgomery, Ala. They are marching to protest the killing of Jimmy Lee Jackson, an unarmed demonstrator slain during a march the prior month by an Alabama state trooper. State troopers and local police stop the marchers at the Edmund Pettus Bridge, beating them with clubs as well as spraying them with water hoses and tear gas.On March 9, King leads a march to the Pettus bridge, turning the marchers around at the bridge.On March 21, 3,000 marchers leave Selma for Montgomery, completing the march without opposition.On March 25, around 25,000 people join the Selma marchers at the Montgomery city l imits.On Aug. 6, President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act into law, which bans discriminatory voting requirements, like requiring people to complete literacy tests before they registered to vote. White Southerners had used this technique to disenfranchise blacks.On Aug. 11, a riot breaks out in Watts, a section of Los Angeles, after a fight erupts between a white traffic officer and a black man accused of drinking and driving. The officer arrests the man and some of his family members who had arrived at the scene. Rumors of police brutality, however, result in six days of rioting in Watts. Thirty-four people, mostly African Americans, die during the riot. 1966 On Jan. 6, SNCC announces its opposition to the Vietnam War. SNCC members would feel increasing sympathy for the Vietnamese, comparing the indiscriminate bombing of Vietnam to racial violence in the United States.On Jan. 26, King moves into an apartment in a Chicago slum, announcing his intention to start a campaign against discrimination there. This in response to the increasing unrest in Northern cities over prejudice and de facto segregation. His efforts there are ultimately deemed unsuccessful.On June 6, James Meredith embarks on a March Against Fear from Memphis, Tenn., to Jackson, Miss., to encourage black Mississippians to register to vote. Near Hernando, Miss., Meredith is shot. Others take up the march, joined on occasion by King.On June 26, the marchers reach Jackson. During the last days of the march, Stokely Carmichael and other SNCC members clash with King after they encourage the frustrated marchers to embrace the slogan of black power.On Oct. 15, Huey P. Newton and Bob by Seale found the Black Panther Party in Oakland, Calif. They want to create a new political organization to better the conditions of African Americans. Their goals include better employment and educational opportunities as well as improved housing. 1967 On April 4, King makes a speech against the Vietnam War at Riverside Church in New York.On June 12, the Supreme Court hands down a decision in Loving v. Virginia, overturning laws against interracial marriage as unconstitutional.In July, riots break out in Northern cities, including Buffalo, N.Y., Detroit, Mich. and Newark, N.J.On Sept. 1, Thurgood Marshall becomes the first African American appointed to the Supreme Court.On Nov. 7, Cal Stokes is elected mayor of Cleveland, making him the first African American to serve as mayor of a major American city.In November, King announces the Poor Peoples Campaign, a movement to unite the poor and disenfranchised of America, regardless of race or religion. 1968 On April 11,  President Johnson  signs  the Civil Rights Act of 1968  (or the Fair Housing Act) into law, which prohibits discrimination by sellers or renters of property.Exactly a week earlier,  Martin Luther King, Jr., is assassinated  as he stands on the balcony outside his motel room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tenn. King visited the city to support  African American sanitation workers there whod started a strike on Feb. 11.Between February and May, African American students protest at major universities, including Columbia University and Howard University, demanding changes in faculty, living arrangements, and curriculum.Between May 14 and June 24, over 2500 impoverished Americans set up a camp called Resurrection City in Washington, D.C., under the leadership of the Rev. Ralph Abernathy, who is trying to carry out Kings vision. The protest ends in riots and arrests without the strong leadership of King. 1969 Between April and May, African American students hold protests at universities, including Cornell University and North Carolina A T University in Greensboro, asking for changes such as a Black Studies program and the hiring of African American faculty.On Dec. 4, Fred Hampton, chairman of the  Illinois Black Panther party, is shot and killed by police during a raid. A federal grand jury refutes the polices assertion that they fired upon Hampton only in self-defense, but no one is ever indicted for Hamptons killing.

Binge Drinking On College Campuses - 1459 Words

Sabrina Peters Research – Final Draft English Composition Mr. Paul October 28, 2014 Binge Drinking On College Campuses Over the past few years, there has been this big debate about whether the drinking age should be lowered to 18 or if it should stay at 21. Those in favor of lowering the drinking age to 18 argue that someone who is old enough to serve their country should be allowed to have a drink. Those who are in favor of keeping the minimum legal drinking age at 21 because of consequences regarding psychological development and health problems later in life. However, there is a bigger problem concerning alcohol. The problem is the excessive amount of drinking or commonly known as binge drinking, done by primarily college students and by raising taxes on any and all alcoholic beverages can lead to significant reduction of dangerous binge drinking and simultaneously reducing the dangerous effects of binge drinking. Drinking has become a tradition amongst college students, and drinking is portrayed as a vital part of the college experience. Most incoming college freshman come into college with a pr eexisting tendency to drink, and the college campus life can be a significant influence on alcohol consumption and the rate at which alcohol is consumed. Binge drinking is so common that it is expected of a college student to drink once getting into the university. The reasons in which students decide to binge drink can vary from studentsShow MoreRelatedBinge Drinking On College Campuses1536 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Yacob Ali 30 November 2015 Binge Drinking on College Campuses Approximately four out of five college students drink alcohol (niaaa.nih.gov). Although alcohol does not have immediate negative effects, over consumption can lead to serious consequences. For example, 1,825 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 die each year from alcohol-related unintentional injuries (niaaa.nih.gov).Most alcohol-related injuries and accident are a result of binge drinking. The National Institute on AlcoholRead MoreEffects Of Binge Drinking On College Campuses1038 Words   |  5 PagesSince 1997, binge drinking has been increasing each year (Wechsler, Lee, Kuo. 2010). Binge drinking is no stranger to San Jose State University as well as college campuses nationwide (Police Department, n.d.). Binge drinking has been on epidemic on college campuses and continues to grow over the course of time with alarming numbers of incidents that occur while under the influence. Since binge drinking is common on most college campuses, about 60% of students nationwide h ave stated that they haveRead MoreStopping Binge Drinking on College Campuses726 Words   |  3 PagesFact or Fiction â€Å"Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking,† a text written Henry Wechsler was first introduced to me in my English 102 class. In this Essay Wechsler brought to the reader’s attention that binge drinking was major problem on many college campuses. Wechsler aims to convince readers that binge drinking is a problem that needs to be stopped. Some of Wechsler’s statements made in this text were persuasive while others were opinions. Wechsler begins this essay by introducingRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking On College Campuses901 Words   |  4 Pagescorrelation between binge drinking and loneliness to which he refers as due to the lack of friends and being unfamiliar to school grounds led him to join a fraternity. For instance, his claims are supported based on personal experiences and personal observations such as students having difficulty of making a new group of friends, desperate to belong and academic background. Unlike Weschler, Bruffee does not use scientific studies, real examples and realistic solutions to adequately connect binge drinkers andRead MoreBinge Drinking on College Campuses Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesBinge Drinking on College Campuses High school is over and it is your first time away form home, what are you going to do? The typical college student wants to party! Of the people that were surveyed over half believed that the legal drinking age should be lowered. [O’Kane 1] The legal age to drink in the United States is now 21 years old; college freshman, sophomores, and some juniors are not of the legal age to drink. This causes a problem on many campuses; several students are experiencingRead MoreEffects Of Binge Drinking On College Campuses846 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumption occurs in the form of Binge Drinking, which experts say peaks at the age of nineteen.† (qtd by Listfield). Binge Drinking is the consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol in a short period of time. The author, Emily Listfield, defines that the standard alcohol consumption over a two hour period is considered to be four beers for women and five beers for men. This has become a great distraction for college students nation wide and a major dilemma on college campuses. Nearly two hundred thousandRead MoreEffects Of Binge Drinking On College Campuses1202 Words   |  5 Pages1997, binge drinking has increased each year (Wechsler, Lee, Kuo. 2010). Binge drinking is no stranger to San Jose State University as well as college campuses nationwide (Police Department, n.d.). Binge drinking has been on epidemic on college campuses and continues to grow over the course of time with alarming numbers of incidents that occur while under the influence. Since binge drinking is common on most college campuses, about 60% of students nationwide have stated that they have binge drankRead MoreThe Effects Of Binge Drinking And Sexual Assault On College Campuses1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is a country of freedom. Most of people can find their lives which they want. Especially, the college students can join in some activates and clubs. Their campus lives are always fulfilling. However, there are still so me dangers among the campus, and most is from the students themselves. Recent survey estimates provided by Fisher, Cullen, and Turner (2000) revealed that for every 1,000 women attending institutions of higher education, there may well be 35 incidents of rape in aRead MoreIs There a Link between the Misconception that There is Binge Drinking on College Campuses and the Presence of Alcohol Related Content on Social Media1135 Words   |  5 Pages A popular misconception when it comes to college life is that almost every college student parties on the weekends and participates in binge drinking. Angela K. Fournier, Erin Hall, Patricia Ricke, and Brittany Storey performed this study to identify if there is a link between this misconception and the presence of alcohol-related content on social media such as Facebook and Twitter. One of the theories that Fournier, et al. (2013, p.86) discuss in the article is the Social Norms Theory. TheRead MoreBinge Drinking vs the Drinking Age Essays829 Words   |  4 Pages2013 Binge Drinking VS the Drinking Age Presidents of college campuses around the nation face issues of underage drinking and binge drinking on a regular basis and realizes that it is a danger and a problem. â€Å"Alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., a major contributing factor to unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for youths and young adults, and accounts for an estimated 75,000 or more deaths in the United States annually† (Wechsler 2010). Binge drinking

Obesity The Prevalence Of Diabetes - 1877 Words

The prevalence of diabetes in America continues to grow. Information gathered from The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) acknowledge that in the United States, one out of every eleven people has been diagnosed with diabetes and that one out of every four people are diabetic but not aware of it. Research has also shown that the medical costs and lost wages for those who have been diagnosed with diabetes is greater than two hundred billion dollars and that the mortality rate for diabetics is fifty percent higher than non-diabetics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). These alarming statistics show the increased need for essential education concerning the pathophysiology of diabetes as well as the treatment, benefits of diet, exercise, and what to do when something goes awry. This need was the determining factor for using diabetes education for the Health Information Technology (HIT) project. Project Development Description After being divided into groups for the HIT project, our first objective was to decide on a topic, we chose diabetes education with the target population being those newly diagnosed. We divided our topic down even further by choosing different areas of interest, so that each member would then be responsible for a page on the website. Members would be responsible for research and development of their topic for the website, which are detailed below. We next decided to use Google’s web builder, thinking that it would be easy toShow MoreRelatedGestational Diabetes : The Prevalence Of Gestational Obesity932 Words   |  4 PagesGestational Diabetes in Pregnancy According to the American Diabetes Association, the  prevalence  of gestational diabetes is as high as 9.2% in pregnant women due to obesity or being overweight. Not only can it be harmful to the mother, but it can also be harmful to her baby. Gestational diabetes can increase the chances of pregnant women delivering a baby that weighs more than 9 pounds. Having gestational diabetes can also increase the mother’s chance for needing a cesarean section delivery. SomeRead MoreEssay about The Rise Children with Diabetes in the United States641 Words   |  3 Pagesmany other countries around the world more children are being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In the past, children who were diagnosed with diabetes were diagnosed with type 1. Type 1 diabetes affects many children in which they are unable to produce insulin. However, as times have changed children are now being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes which is a chronic illness that usually affects adults. Type 2 diabetes de velops when the person is not able to produce enough insulin, and if insulin is beingRead MoreSurgeon General Project: Childhoudd Obesity1734 Words   |  7 PagesSURGEON GENERAL PROJECT Childhood Obesity Over the last few decades the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has been steadily increasing in the United States drawing immediate concern for the coming generations and the overall health and well-being for society. While addressing this concern, a matter of significance has to be reviewed to undoubtedly warrant the attention of the nation and propose factors of government, community, organizational, and individual involvement. AccordingRead MoreHealth Disparities: American-Indians and Diabetes1679 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Disparities: American Indians and Diabetes Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2012). T2D is so prevalent that it is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of death worldwide (Yates, Jarvis, Troughton, and JaneDavies, 2009, p. 1). T2D manifests when the body is unable to metabolize glucose properly, resulting in elevated blood sugar, debilitating fatigue, and other serious complications such as distal limb amputationsRead MoreDiabetes : The Common Chronic Disorders1737 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic disorders in UK [1]. According to Silverman, more than 2.6 million people in UK are diabetic as according to data collected from GP practices and more than 5 million obese people are registered to GP practices. So One in ten people are getting treatment for obesity and one in 20 are getting treatment for diabetes [2]. It is estimated that more than 5% men and more than 4% women in England are found to have diagnosed diabetes. While, 3% menRead MoreDiabetes in the Latino Community1648 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Diabetes is a prevalent health disparity among the Latino population. Diabetes is listed as the fifth leading cause of death among the Latino population in the website for Center for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, in 2009. According to McBean, â€Å"the 2001 prevalence among Hispanics was significantly higher than among blacks.† (2317) In other words among the Hispanic or Latino community, there is a higher occurrence of diabetes as compared to other racial/ethnic groups such as BlacksRead MoreChildren And Type 2 Diabetes1533 Words   |  7 PagesChildren and Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been reported with increased frequency over the last twenty years in adolescents and children in the United States. As a result of T2DM glucose metabolism within the body of affected adolescents and children is severely compromised. Formerly known as adult onset and/or insulin resistant diabetes T2DM occurs due to the cell inability to properly use insulin which then results in lowered secretion of insulin as well as insulin resistanceRead MoreDietary Factors That Affect Obesity Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesDietary Factors There are many dietary factors that may contribute to obesity in children. The major factors are increased consumption of calorie-dense foods, saturated fats, and sugar in combination with sedentary behavior 8. Consumption of refined grains and sugar-sweetened beverages have lead to increases in unhealthy eating habits resulting in the rise of obesity 4. These sugar-sweetened drinks are also associated with increasing BMI 11. The focus of this synthesis is the importance of physicalRead MoreEssay On St. Louis1597 Words   |  7 Pagesaverage of $6,815 (Health Care, 2013). Some of the behavioral health risk factors such as smoking is 15 percent, obesity is 27 percent and sedentary lifestyle is 22 percent, which are comparatively low prevalence compared to the United States average. According to the Community Health Improvement plan of June 2014 the major health disparities were cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes (Health department, 2014). Heart disease and cancer accoun ted for 40 percent of the deaths in the city (HealthRead MoreObesity as a Disorder1110 Words   |  5 PagesObesity to some may not be technically a disorder or disease. Although those skeptics may have some excellent points the American Medical Association has officially reviewed and determined obesity to be a disorder. Obesity is simply just excess or extreme amount of body fat. Obesity is one of the most controversial health topics considering the amount of disagreements about it being an official disorder. One of the major disorder criteria’s that obesity meets is that it impairs the human body functions

Locke And Rousseau s Theory Of A Social Contract

John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau are often associated with modern liberal ideas such as equality for all citizens, freedom and liberty, etc†¦ However, Locke and Rousseau present far more nuanced arguments in their works and although they share views on some aspects they ultimately have a different political philosophy. Locke and Rousseau have clearly distinct social contract theories, interpretations of man and the state of nature. In his work, Discourse on Inequality, establishes the idea of a fraudulent social contract. Rousseau further develops his political theory and discusses contemporary themes like the state of nature in, The Social Contract. There is a clear distinction between Rousseau’s theory and Locke’s theory as laid out†¦show more content†¦Rousseau reinforces his claims by arguing it is far more plausible that such an agreement, (i.e. the â€Å"fraudulent social contract), was formulated by its beneficiaries, the rich. â€Å"Thirdly: because, as the poor had nothing but their freedom to lose, it would have been in the highest degree absurd for them to resign voluntarily the only good they still enjoyed, without getting anything in exchange †¦ because it is more reasonable to suppose a thing to have been invented by those to whom it would be of service, than by those whom it must have harmed.†2 There are key differences between Locke’s social contract theory and Rousseau’s social contract theory. Although Locke’s theory does discuss similar themes to that of Rousseau, the two have different perspectives. In his discussion of political societies, Locke initially states that in the state of nature, man is free and is â€Å"the absolute lord of his own person and possessions.†3 Locke follows this up with hypotheticals stating, â€Å"Why will he[man] part with his freedom? Why will he give up this lordly status and subject himself to the control of someone’s else power?à ¢â‚¬ 4 Locke responds to such questions by arguing that although man has unlimited right to his possessions, there is no guarantee that a man’s possessions are safe from invasion. Since all men are equal in the natural state and not many are fair or just, a man’s property isn’t secured and almostShow MoreRelatedThe Function of a Social Contract1676 Words   |  7 PagesFunction of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with the theory(s). The basicRead MoreThe Social Contract Theory Since The United States1449 Words   |  6 PagesFor this discussion, I am keen to discuss the Social Contract theory since I see this fundamental theory still directly affects today s politics in the United States as well as around the world. Contemporary study of neoliberalism and neo-conservatism as in the analysis of Wendy Brown (2006) or of political deliberation and deliberative democracy in the writing of Simone Chambers (2009) is a dynamic consequences of that basic concepts of democracy from the past. During its development, democracyRead MoreEssay on What is the Function of a Social Contract?1637 Words   |  7 PagesFunction of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with the theory(s). TheRead MoreThe Social Contract Of The Middle East Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe social contracts of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau constructed a basis upon which governments have expressed their validity and purpose. This can be observed most prominently in the Western world, due to the development of these social contracts alongside that of governments of Western nations. But the abstract roots of these theories on the foundation of government are applicable to all peoples. The Middle East is of particular interest due to the recent outcries and protests against governmentsRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau And The Declaration Of Independence Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesJean-Jacques Rousseau was an Enlightenment thinker during the eighteenth century and is most noted for his work The Social Contract. The Social Contract published in 1762 and is a philosophical document that expresses the ideas of popular sovereignty. Popular Sovereignty is a form of government in which â€Å"th e doctrine that sovereign power is vested in the people and that those chosen to govern, as trustees of such power, must exercise it in conformity with the general will.† This is basically a fancyRead MoreThe Social Contract: Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau1377 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Contract The three philosophers, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were three key thinkers of political philosophy. The three men helped develop the social contract theory into what it is in this modern day and age. The social contract theory was the creation of Hobbes who created the idea of a social contract theory, which Locke and Rousseau built upon. Their ideas of the social contract were often influenced by the era in which they lived and social issues thatRead MoreThomas Hobbes And The State Of Nature1727 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant in determining political societies, or the governmental structures that composed these. However, many philosophers have different notions of the State of Nature. In this essay I am going to use the writings of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacque Rousseau to explain how their notions of the State of Nature shape the way they envision political society. These philosophers have different notions of the State of Nature but the y all agree that the State of Nature is the reason for why politicalRead MoreThe Social Contract Theories Of Thomas Hobbes And John Locke1210 Words   |  5 PagesMahogany Mills Professor: Dr. Arnold Political Philosophy 4 February 2015 Compare and contrast the social contract theories of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke In the beginning of time, there was no government to regulate man. This caused a burden on society and these hardships had to be conquered, which is when a social contract was developed. The social contract theory is a model that addresses the questions of the origin of society and the legitimacy of the authority of the state over an individualRead MoreJohn Locke And Jacques Rousseau1325 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy 5/4/2016  1. While both John Locke and Jacques Rousseau trusted that each ought to be free and that nobody ought to need to surrender his/her natural rights to a lord, both contrasted on what this situation ought to resemble. Locke had confidence in restricted, delegate government. However, Rousseau had faith in direct government by the general population. The contrasts between John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau need to do as much with dispositions as with frameworks. Both ofRead MoreSocial Contract Theory On The Origin Of State3694 Words   |  15 PagesSOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY 1. INTRODUCTION: The social contract theory is one of the oldest theories on the origin of state. This theory came into existence as a reaction against the divine origin theory. The term ‘social’ is something which is connected with the society, while ‘contract’ means an agreement between two or more people. Thus a term of political theory, ‘social contract’ implies an agreement that makes society possible .this theory holds that the state is the voluntary and deliberate agreement

Has Political Islam Failed in Algeria Essay Example For Students

Has Political Islam Failed in Algeria? Essay The question whether Political Islam has failed or not due to theinternal structure of the Islamic political movement, in either Algeria or anyother country in the Islamic World, is an important question for the analysis ofthe politicized Islamic phenomena. Olivier Roy sees the movement as a failure,not only in Algeria but also in the whole area from Casablanca to Tashkent, themovement has resulted in failure due to many reasons that are seen as commonamong all the divisions of the movement regardless of their different socio-economic and political background that are more or less responsible of thegeneration of such movements. The Algerian case is the best case one can see asa direct application of Roys theoretical analysis of the Failure of politicalIslam. The Islamic movement started in Algeria by the end of the 1980s, aftera long era of the corrupt regime and its economic in efficiency that led thecountry to live under extremely harsh standards of living for the averageindividual. While most of the Algerian citizens are under 30, namely 75%, whichmeans a huge number of people in need for a high rate of creation of jobs,especially with the growth rate of population that is up to 3%, thirty percentof the Gross National Product used to go to service the payment of the nationaldebt . This, of course, resulted in the decline of the growth rate of the GNP. What made it even worse is the fall of natural gas revenues during the 1980s. In the days after the dual fall of the price of oil and the value of the dollar,the demographic expansion had pushed the GNPs growth curve below the horizontalfor the first time in years. Such economic conditions were very much responsible for the instabilityand the weakening of the legitimacy of the FLN government. The plummeting ofoil prices in the 1980s combined with the mismanagement of Algerias highlycentralized economy brought about the nations most serious economic and socialsince the early days of independence. Housing conditions were extremely badand it was normal for the average citizen to live in one room with six otherpeople. The economic frustration was a general of the Algerian citizen andstill is. This economic frustration led to street riots that were notcharacterized by an Islamic attitude but rather a normal frustration that anypopulation would feel towards an inefficient corrupt regime th at seems to bedirectly responsible for such economic status. The masses that took thestreets of Algerian cities, in October 1988, were not only Islamists but workers,students, secularists, leftists, feminists and Berberists, all demonstratingtheir disillusionment with the FLN (National Liberation Front).The FLNgovernment responded by the Army intervention and the arbitrary arresting of theprotesters. They used torture against people which ultimately created a highmeasure of resentment and destruction of the government legitimacy.Moreover,the government doctrine to reform the Algerian economy was so much supportive tothose who had money already, which gave no benefit to the crushed masses thatwere striving under poor standards of life, which is the case in most countriesthat undergo transitional periods of economic reform where the desperate needfor investment forces the government to grant the investors more rights and lessduties to assure an attractive business environment. However , the corruptregime seemed to do that for its own benefit since most of the rich Algerianswere practically either government officials or having strong connections withthe authority. Thus, the economic reform fired back on the FLN. .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b , .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b .postImageUrl , .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b , .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b:hover , .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b:visited , .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b:active { border:0!important; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b:active , .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua9fae2948d60d2fb9b41caf6ae5b291b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Another Salem Witch Trials EssayMeanwhile, there was another severe problem that affected the countriesdomestic politics; the problem of identity. As a French colony under the Frenchauthority, prior independence, Algeria suffered what Arab writers andjournalists call farnasah which means Frenchization of Algeria. This is whatis noticeably seen in most if not all French colonies. Spencer mentions that Largely -but not exclusively- because of the colonial legacy of France, languagehas been politicized since independence and continues to present problems fornational unity.The French suppressed any attempt to apply Arabization ofeducation and thus succeeded in creating an elit e of French speakers. Afterindependence, Arabization of education in Algeria started to grow which gave therise to a frustrated Arabic speaking population that suffered from the lack ofjob opportunities for them which was a sort of discrimination against those whocannot speak or write French in a country that is a

Causes of Child Abuse Essay Example For Students

Causes of Child Abuse Essay There are many causes on the various types of child abuse. Child abuse is when violence and cruelty occur against children. Eight percent of all children abused are emotionally maltreated. Sixteen percent are sexually abused. Twenty-seven percent are physically abused. Fifty-five percent of all children abused are neglected (Child Abuse 116). There are many types of abuse. Parental neglect or nutritional deprivation is the most common technique of abusing a child (Child Abuse 116). An example of this would be when a child is irregularly fed or kept in dirty clothes for a long period of time (Child Abuse 222). The second most common way of abusing a child is physical abuse (Child Abuse 116). Physical abuse is when a child is slapped, hit, kicked, shoved, or has objects thrown at them (Child Abuse 222). Another common way of abusing a child is sexual abuse (Child Abuse 116). Fondling, masturbation, intercourse, and pornography are a few of the things that are done to a child when they are abused sexually (Child Abuse 222). The last way to abuse a child is through emotional abuse (Child Abuse 116). When the abuser humiliates the child, reprimands them, or other acts that are carried out over time (Child Abuse 222). Certain situations increase the risk of child abuse. These problems cause stress and tension which is sometimes expressed in neglect or violence toward a child. Many adults that abuse their children were abused as kids themselves. The parents are immature, unstable, lonely, and feel unloved (Child Abuse 222). They repeat what was done to them uncontrollably in violent outbursts. The abusive parents are unaware of any other way of acting. They may think that beating a child is normal. Sometimes the parents might also think that their children deserve to be abused, just as they deserved it when they were younger ( Child Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints 108). This is one of the many Causes of Child Abuse Essay. Drug addiction also increases the chances of child abuse. The addiction to drugs makes parents less responsible. It also makes them more violent toward their children both physically and emotionally. All drug addicted parents attention is focused towards the drugs and as a result of that they pay less attention to their kids (Child Abuse 85-90). Poverty is also a cause of child abuse. The parents cant cope with the stress of poverty, which leaves the children to bear the brut of their parents frustration. Children living with a single parent or in poor families are at a higher risk of abuse. Economic and inter-personal factors act jointly in these families to create a situation of severe economic stress, hardship, and dependency (Child Abuse 91-95). Some societal values may perpetuate child abuse and neglect. The acceptance of violence as a way of life, and the conviction that parents have a right to treat children as they please is a part of this cause of abuse. Domestic abuse, or violence at home, has a major role in child abuse. The majority of battered women do not press charges, which increases the possibility that the abuse will escalate and include the child. The societys tolerance of violence especially towards children varies the percent of abused children in that community (Child Abuse 96-101). The last cause of child abuse is lack of community ties. Parents fear of strangers leads them to isolate themselves and their children. The isolation causes parents to feel alone. They also feel that they are unable to parent effectively. This increases the likelihood that these overburdened parents will abuse their children (Child Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints102). Also, the desire to avoid outside involvement in family life may influence the occurrence of child abuse and neglect (Child Abuse 99). Obviously, from reading this, there is now more awareness on the cruelty and violence aimed towards children. Hopefully, the information that was gained will help victims of past child abuse, stop future abuse. Emotional, physical, sexual abuse, and neglect are all caused by different things. Things such as drug addictions, lack of community ties, a violent society, poverty, and repetition of what was done to the abusers when they were kids cause child abuse. Police Corruption Essay Paper Though it was in short element the .